Embryo Transfer: The Final Step Explained

You have made it through stimulation, survived egg retrieval, and watched anxiously as your embryos developed in the lab. Now comes the moment everything has been building toward: embryo transfer. This is the step where your embryo is placed into your uterus, where, with hope and a bit of luck, it will implant and grow.

If you are feeling nervous about the transfer, you are not alone. After everything you have been through to get here, the pressure of this moment can feel immense. But here is something reassuring: embryo transfer is actually the simplest part of the IVF process. It is quick, painless for most people, and does not require sedation.

This guide will walk you through exactly what happens before, during, and after embryo transfer, so you know what to expect and can approach this milestone feeling prepared.

For a complete overview of all fertility treatment options, see our comprehensive Treatments guide.

Before Your Transfer: The Lead-Up

The days before your embryo transfer involve final preparation of both your embryos and your body.

Embryo Development and Selection

After egg retrieval and fertilisation, your embryos have been developing in the laboratory. The embryology team monitors their progress and grades them based on their appearance and development.

Day 3 vs Day 5 Transfer

Embryos can be transferred at different stages of development. Day 3 embryos (called cleavage-stage embryos) have divided into approximately 6 to 8 cells. Day 5 or 6 embryos (called blastocysts) have developed further into a hollow ball of cells with distinct structures.

Most clinics now prefer blastocyst transfers when possible because embryos that reach this stage have demonstrated their developmental potential, and a Cochrane review found higher live birth rates after fresh blastocyst transfer than after fresh day 3 transfer. However, day 3 transfers are still appropriate in certain situations, such as when there are few embryos and the doctor prefers not to risk further attrition in the lab.

Embryo Selection

Your embryology team will recommend which embryo or embryos to transfer based on their grading. The highest-quality embryos are typically selected for transfer, while remaining good-quality embryos can be frozen for future use.

Fresh vs Frozen Transfer

Your transfer may be fresh (occurring in the same cycle as egg retrieval) or frozen (occurring in a subsequent cycle using previously frozen embryos).

Fresh Transfer

A fresh transfer happens 3 to 6 days after egg retrieval, depending on whether you are transferring a day-3 or day-5 embryo. Your body is still in the same hormonal cycle as stimulation.

Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)

Frozen transfers are increasingly common. Your embryos are cryopreserved after development, and transfer occurs in a later cycle. This allows your body to recover from stimulation and lowers the risk of OHSS. Overall, the chance of a baby from an egg collection is similar whether or not the first transfer is fresh.

FET cycles can be natural (timed to your natural ovulation) or medicated (using hormones to prepare your uterine lining). Medicated cycles allow more precise timing and scheduling. For women with regular cycles, NICE says live birth rates are similar with either approach.

Preparing Your Uterine Lining

For implantation to succeed, your uterine lining needs to be appropriately thick and receptive.

In fresh cycles, the stimulation medications typically produce adequate lining development. In FET cycles, you may take estrogen to build the lining, followed by progesterone to prepare it for implantation.

Your clinic will monitor your lining thickness via ultrasound. NICE notes that transfer into a lining thinner than 5 millimetres is unlikely to result in pregnancy, and most clinics look for a thicker lining than this before going ahead.

Transfer Day: What Happens

Before You Arrive

Your clinic will give you specific instructions for transfer day. Common requirements include arriving with a comfortably full bladder (this helps with ultrasound visualisation and uterine positioning), taking any prescribed medications (often progesterone), and avoiding perfumes or scented products.

You do not need to fast, as there is no sedation involved. Eat normally and stay hydrated, though not so much that your bladder becomes painfully full.

At the Clinic

When you arrive, you will check in and be taken to a preparation area. You may change into a gown or simply remove clothing from the waist down. A nurse will confirm your identity and review the embryo being transferred.

Your partner or support person can usually be present during the transfer.

The Procedure

Embryo transfer is performed in a procedure room, but it is far less clinical than retrieval. You will lie on your back with your feet in stirrups, similar to a pelvic exam.

Step 1: Ultrasound Positioning

An abdominal ultrasound transducer is placed on your belly to visualise your uterus. This is why the full bladder helps; it creates a clearer image.

Step 2: Speculum Insertion

A speculum is inserted vaginally to visualise your cervix, just like during a smear test.

Step 3: Catheter Placement

The doctor gently passes a thin, soft catheter through your cervix into your uterus. This is usually painless, though you may feel mild pressure. Some women feel nothing at all.

Step 4: Embryo Loading

In the adjacent lab, the embryologist loads your embryo into the transfer catheter in a tiny amount of fluid.

Step 5: Embryo Placement

The loaded catheter is passed through the outer catheter into your uterus. Using ultrasound guidance, which NICE recommends because it improves pregnancy rates, the doctor positions the catheter at the chosen spot in the uterine cavity. The embryo is gently deposited.

On the ultrasound screen, you may see a tiny flash or bubble as the embryo is released. Some clinics show you this moment; others do not.

Step 6: Confirmation

The embryologist checks the catheter under the microscope to confirm the embryo was successfully transferred and did not stick to the catheter. If it did (rare), a second attempt is made.

The entire procedure takes about 10 to 15 minutes, with the actual embryo placement taking just a minute or two.

After the Procedure

You will rest for a short period, typically 10 to 30 minutes, though NICE notes that bed rest of more than 20 minutes does not improve outcomes. Some clinics have you rest briefly; others let you leave almost immediately.

Before you leave, your nurse will review your medication schedule and instructions for the coming days.

How Many Embryos to Transfer

The question of how many embryos to transfer is important and should be discussed with your doctor before transfer day.

Single Embryo Transfer (SET)

Current guidelines favour single embryo transfer. NICE recommends single embryo transfer in the first IVF cycle for women under 37, and whenever a top-quality blastocyst is available. ASRM strongly encourages it for women under 35 and recommends transferring only one embryo, at any age, if it has tested chromosomally normal. The primary reason is to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy (twins or more), which carries higher risks for both mother and babies.

In the UK, where 84% of transfers in 2024 were single embryo transfers, the IVF multiple birth rate fell to 3.2% while birth rates continued to rise.

When Two Embryos Might Be Considered

Your doctor might discuss transferring two embryos if you are around 40 or older, if no top-quality embryo is available, or after previous unsuccessful cycles. NICE advises never transferring more than two embryos in one cycle.

However, even in these situations, many clinics still prefer single embryo transfer when a good-quality blastocyst is available.

The Twins Conversation

Some patients request multiple embryos hoping for twins. While the desire to "get it done in one pregnancy" is understandable, multiple pregnancies carry higher risks of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia and stillbirth, and of serious complications for mother and babies.

Your clinic should counsel you honestly about these risks and help you make an informed decision.

After Transfer: The Two-Week Wait Begins

Once transfer is complete, there is nothing more you can do to influence the outcome. The embryo will either implant or it will not, and no amount of bed rest, positive thinking, or dietary changes will change that. For detailed strategies on managing the two-week wait, including coping techniques and what symptoms to expect, see our dedicated guide.

Activity Guidelines

Contrary to old advice, bed rest after transfer does not improve outcomes and is no longer recommended. You can resume normal activities, including walking and light daily tasks.

However, most clinics advise avoiding strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, sexual intercourse (until pregnancy test or as advised), hot baths, swimming, and saunas.

Medications

You will continue taking progesterone and possibly estrogen as prescribed. These medications support your uterine lining. Do not stop them unless instructed by your clinic, even if you have spotting.

What You Might Feel

Physically, you may feel nothing at all, or you may experience mild cramping, bloating, or breast tenderness. These symptoms come from progesterone and do not indicate whether transfer was successful.

Emotionally, the two-week wait is often the hardest part of IVF. Try to stay busy, lean on your support system, and be gentle with yourself.

Implantation

If all goes well, the embryo will hatch from its outer shell (if it has not already) and begin implanting into your uterine lining, usually within a few days of a blastocyst transfer. Some women experience light spotting during implantation, but many feel nothing.

The Pregnancy Test

About 10 to 14 days after transfer, you will have a blood test to measure hCG, the pregnancy hormone.

Positive Result

A positive result means pregnancy has begun. You will have follow-up blood tests to confirm hCG is rising appropriately, then an early ultrasound around 6 to 7 weeks to confirm the pregnancy is developing normally.

Negative Result

A negative result is heartbreaking. Give yourself time to grieve. When you are ready, your doctor will discuss what happened, whether any changes should be made, and what your options are for next steps.

Tips for Transfer Day

Practical Tips

Wear comfortable, loose clothing. Bring socks if your feet get cold. Arrive with a comfortably full bladder, but not painfully so. If you need to urinate urgently, let the nurse know; releasing a small amount is usually fine.

Emotional Tips

Bring your partner or a supportive person if allowed. Some couples find the moment meaningful; consider whether you want to mark it somehow. Try to stay calm; easier said than done, but deep breathing helps.

Sources

• NICE NG257: Fertility problems: assessment and treatment (March 2026) (checked October 2026)
• ASRM: Guidance on the limits to the number of embryos to transfer, a committee opinion (2021) (checked October 2026)
• HFEA: Fertility treatment 2024: trends and figures (checked October 2026)
• Zaat et al. Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction. Cochrane 2021 (checked October 2026)
• ESHRE/Alpha: The Vienna consensus on ART laboratory performance indicators (2017, PDF) (checked October 2026)
• Wilcox et al. Time of implantation of the conceptus and loss of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1999 (checked October 2026)

Medical Disclaimer

This article provides general information about embryo transfer. Your specific protocol may differ based on your clinic's practices and your individual situation. Always follow the instructions provided by your medical team.